Migraines
One of the more unpleasant things that I’m cursed with is migraines. In my case they aren’t always hugely painful (they do hurt, though), but the thing that really upsets me is the “visual disturbance” that accompanies them (usually preceding the actual headache part). Worse, during the visual disturbance, I sometimes feel confused, which—for someone like me—is very frustrating indeed.
I have one going on at the moment, which is making it very difficult to write this post (I can hardly read it), and pretty much impossible to work :-(
When I was a child, I had such migraines if I didn't get enough sleep (like, staying up late and getting up early for weeks). If it's the same for you, you'll want to make sure you get your 8 to 9 hours of sleep and that you're asleep during the period from 12 through 3 (IIRC), which supposedly is somehow important (no idea why...).
As to the visual disturbance: If you close your eyes and massage your eyes through your eyelids, do you see a kind of honeycomb pattern? Is that about the same as your "visual disturbance", just that the latter is overlaid over what you're seeing in some odd way? That's how it was for me. The best analogy I found was that the eyes must be so tired they're missing signals, or getting false ones, just like when you massage your eyes.